This post was originally published on this site
The race to develop a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is well under way, setting the stage to bring to market the fastest vaccine in history.
There are dozens of coronavirus vaccines in development, primarily in the preclinical phase when they are tested on animals. In the U.S., there are seven vaccine candidates that have moved into clinical trials with human participants, including three that have moved into the crucial Phase 3 development phase.
The first and second phases of clinical studies are primarily conducted to test for safety, while the third and final stage is used to determine whether the vaccines are efficacious and can prevent infection among participants. At that point, the vaccine makers will decide when to pursue an emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration and/or a full approval. The majority of the vaccines in development have received funding from the U.S. government, either to help support clinical development or pay for manufacturing and distribution of the vaccines as part of the Trump administration’s Operation Warp Speed program.
MarketWatch will update this tally as the vaccines move through development.
Vaccines that have entered Phase 3 trials in the U.S. (cited in alphabetical order, by company name):
AstraZeneca, in partnership with the University of Oxford
Year-to-date stock performance: AZN, +2.44% AZN, +0.82% Up 7.8%
Name: AZD1222
Type: Vector-based
Phase 1/2: Data from the Phase 1/2 trial, which is being conducted in the U.K., was published July 20 in The Lancet. It reported neutralizing antibody responses in 91% of 35 patients when using one test and 100% of 35 patients when using a different test.
Phase 3: This trial, which will be held in the U.S., is expected to enroll up to 30,000 participants. (Late-stage studies are also being conducted in Brazil, and South Africa, and the U.K.) Data is expected by the end of the year.
Clinical development and manufacturing funding from the U.S. government: up to $1.2 billion
U.S. dose promise: 300 million doses
Dosing: 2 doses
BioNTech and Pfizer Inc.
Year-to-date stock performances: BioNTech BNTX, +3.29%, up 75.0%; Pfizer PFE, -0.94%, down 8.3%.
Name: BNT162b2
Type: mRNA
Phase 1: The companies published preliminary data on July 1 for BNT162b1 as a preprint. They said then that 24 participants in the study who received two doses of the lower-dose vaccines developed neutralizing antibodies. A second preprint was published on Aug. 28 for BNT162b2 that found this candidate produced similar levels of antibodies but participants reported fewer reactions.
Phase 2/3: This trial is expected to focus on BNT162b2. It is expected to enroll up to 30,000 participants in Argentina, Brazil, and the U.S.
Manufacturing funding from the U.S. government: $1.95 billion
U.S. dose promise: 100 million doses, with option to buy up to 500 million more doses
Dosing: 2 doses
Moderna Inc.
Year-to-date stock performance: MRNA, -12.06% Up 187.8%
Name: mRNA-1273
Type: mRNA
Phase 1: Preliminary data was released May 18; more detailed data published July 14 in the New England Journal of Medicine. Moderna’s vaccine candidate elicited neutralizing antibodies in all 45 participants in this trial, which was conducted in the U.S. in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Phase 2a: This study closed enrollment of 600 participants on July 8. This trial is also focused on the U.S.
Phase 3: This study is expected to complete enrollment of up to 30,000 people sometime in September.
R&D funding from BARDA: $955 million
Supply funding from the U.S. government: Up to $1.525 billion
U.S. dose promise: 100 million, with option to acquire up 400 million additional doses
Dosing: 2 doses
Vaccines that have entered Phase 1 and 2 trials in the U.S. (cited in alphabetical order, by company name):
Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Year-to-date stock performance: INO, +4.28% up 191.2%
Name: INO-4800
Type: DNA
Phase 1: The company released some preliminary data on June; it has not yet shared the full data but has submitted the results for publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal. The trial is being conducted in the U.S.
Phase 2/3: Inovio said Sept. 8 it plans to launch this phase of the study in September, if it is given the go-ahead by the FDA.
U.S. government funding: It received $71 million from the Department of Defense to make and buy the devices that will be used to dispense the company’s vaccine if it is authorized or approved.
Johnson & Johnson
Year-to-date stock performance: JNJ, -0.41% Up 1.2%
Name: Ad26. COV2. S
Type: Vector-based
Phase 1/2a: The study began in the second half of July, with a goal of enrolling 1,045 adults in Belgium and the U.S.
Phase 3: It plans to launch this trial in September.
R&D funding from BARDA: $456 million
U.S. government funding for manufacturing and delivery:More than $1 billion (from BARDA and the Department of Defense)
U.S. dose promise: 100 million doses, with option to buy up to 200 million additional doses
Novavax Inc.
Year-to-date stock performance: NVAX, -1.86% Up 2,167.6%
Name: NVX-CoV2373
Type: Protein subunit
Phase 1: Preliminary data from a trial conducted in Australia was published Sept. 2 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Phase 1/2: The second phase of the Phase 1/2 trial started in August and will be conducted in Australia and the U.S.
Phase 3: TBD
Clinical development and manufacturing funding from the U.S. government:$1.6 billion
U.S. dose promise: 100 million doses
Sanofi in combination with GlaxoSmithKline’s (TICKER:GSK) (TICKER:UK:GSK) adjuvant technology
Companies:
Year-to-date stock performance: Sanofi SNY, +2.24% SAN, +0.19% Up 0.6%.
Name: TBD
Type: Protein-based
Phase 1/2 study: The trial was initiated Sept. 3, with a goal of enrolling 440 adults in the U.S. Results are expected in December.
Phase 3: This study is expected to launch by the “end of 2020.”
Clinical development and manufacturing funding from the U.S. government: Up to $2.1 billion
U.S. dose promise: Up to 100 million doses, with option to buy up to 500 million doses
Sources: Company websites, federal data, the World Health Organization, RBC Capital Markets
